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For 1,400 years, two colossal
figures of the Buddha overlooked the fertile Bamiyan Valley on the Silk
Road in Afghanistan. Witness to a melting pot of passing monks,
merchants, and armies, the Buddhas embodied the intersection of East and
West, and their destruction by the Taliban in 2001 provoked
international outrage. Llewelyn Morgan excavates the layers of meaning
these vanished wonders hold for a fractured Afghanistan. Carved in the sixth and seventh
centuries, the Buddhas represented a confluence of religious and
artistic traditions from India, China, Central Asia, and Iran, and even
an echo of Greek influence brought by Alexander the Greats armies. By
the time Genghis Khan destroyed the town of Bamiyan six centuries later,
Islam had replaced Buddhism as the local religion, and the Buddhas were
celebrated as wonders of the Islamic world. Not until the nineteenth
century did these figures come to the attention of Westerners. That is
also the historical moment when the ground was laid for many of
Afghanistans current problems, including the rise of the Taliban and
the oppression of the Hazara people of Bamiyan. In a strange twist, the
Hazarasdescendants of the conquering Mongol hordes who stormed Bamiyan
in the thirteenth centuryhad come to venerate the Buddhas that once
dominated their valley as symbols of their very different religious
identity.
Incorporating the voices of the
holy men, adventurers, and hostages throughout history who set eyes on
the Bamiyan Buddhas, Morgan tells the history of this region of paradox
and heartache.
Buddhas of Bamiyan, Llewelyn Morgan, Harvard University Press, Hardcover, 251 pp, $ 19.95
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