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CONTENTS: Sherpas Through Their Rituals
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Preface
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ix
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1
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Introduction: some notes on ritual
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1
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2
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The surface contours of the Sherpa world
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10
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Economy
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14
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Social organization
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18
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Religion
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30
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3
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Nyungne: problems of marriage, family, and asceticism
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33
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The ritual
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34
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The problems of the ritual
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36
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Merit making and social atomism
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36
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Gods, parents, and social sentiments
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41
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Ascetic ideology and the crisis of the children's marriages
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43
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The solutions of the ritual
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48
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The fostering of altruism
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48
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Nyungne as passage to postparenthood
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52
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Ascetic ideology and family structure
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55
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4
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Hospitality: problems of exchange, status, and authority
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61
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The party
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61
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The problems of hospitality
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65
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The problem of giving and receiving
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65
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The power of food
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68
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Problems of status, power, and authority
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74
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The solutions of hospitality
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78
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The "empty mouth" principle and the etiquette of giving and receiving
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78
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Seating and joking: the party as politics
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82
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"Civilized" coercion and the reproduction of hosts
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85
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5
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Exorcisms: problems of wealth, pollution, and reincarnation
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91
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The rituals
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92
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The do dzongup
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93
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The gyepshi
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95
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The problems with the rituals
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98
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Demons, greed, and social predation
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98
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Pollution, disintegration of self, and subversion of the social order
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103
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Reincarnation theory and the social order
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110
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The solutions of the rituals
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113
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Exorcisms as purifications: reconstituting the psychic hierarchy
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114
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Rich and poor: resynthesizing the social hierarchy
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120
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Self and social order: dilemma
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125
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6
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Offering rituals: problems of religion, anger, and social cooperation
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128
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The ritual calendar and the rite of offerings
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129
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The problems of the ritual
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132
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Torma and the body problem
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132
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Gods, demons, and the problem of moods
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137
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Hospitality, anger, and body
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141
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The solutions of the ritual
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144
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Bodying the gods
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147
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The molding of anger
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149
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Hospitality: mediating religion and the social order
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152
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7
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Conclusions: Buddhism and society
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157
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The ritual mechanism
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163
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Notes
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171
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Bibliography
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187
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Index
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191
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