The three volumes contain an iconographic analysis and compilation of the over 760 images from the six chapels of the Pao-hsiang Lou (Bao-xiang Lou) in the garden of the Tzu-ning Kung (Palace of Kindness and Tranquillity) in the Forbidden City, Beijing. The pavilion Pao-hsiang Lou, a two-storied simple structure with seven chapels on each floor, holds hundreds of Tibetan Buddhist images of remarkable quality. The volumes present the entire set of images, each reproduced and explained with great clarity. There are details of each image with regard to the physical description of the figure portrayed and its various iconographical and stylistic features and associated images. Each entry contains the name of the deity with the Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese transliterations of the name. The very interesting and useful introduction discusses deities of mandalas, placement of deities within a single chapel, images of the Pao-hsiang Lou pantheon compared to the Chu Fo P’u-sa Sheng Hsiang Tsan pantheon, variations in depiction of images with regard to their hair, crown and other parts and associated ornaments, and the asanas of the images. The scholarly volumes are a result of the painstaking research by the author by referring to noted experts on the subject.

Fredrick W. Bunce, a Ph.D (Comparative Arts), from the Ohio University, Athens, USA, is a cultural historian of international repute. Professor and former Chairperson, Department of Art, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, since 1980, he has lectured at learned forums and published on a variety of art-related themes. And has held many a solo exhibition at different art galleries, art museums and universities; besides his participation in the artist’s guild/faculty/other ventures of the kind.

A scholar with varied intellectual/research concerns — nothwithstanding his specializations in Oriental and Buddhist Arts, Professor Bunce has been legitimately honoured with certain notable awards/commendations and is listed in Who’s Who in American Art and also the International Biographical Dictionary: 1980-present.

His Encyclopaedia of Buddhist Deities, Demigods, Godlings, Saints & Demons also published by D.K. Printworld, New Delhi, has received wide acclaim in India and abroad.

VOLUME — 1

Preface

Abbreviations

User’s Guide

Introduction

CHAPEL 1

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Sakyamuni Buddha — Maitreya — Sarvanivranavishkambhin — Avalokiteshvara — Manjushri — Vajrapani — Kshitigarbharaja — Akashagarbha — Samantabhadra

1 A 1-61

Akashagarbha — Maitreya — Samantabhadra — Kshitigarbha — Yashahketu or Yashodhvaja Buddha — Oshadhi Buddha — Nakshatrarajavikridita Buddha — Mahabala Buddha — Bodhisattva Sarvanivaranavishkambhin — Bodhisattva Vajrapani — Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara — Bodhisattva Manjushri — Sumeruparvataraja or Shailendraraja — Suryagarbha Buddha — Vairocana Buddha — Muktiskandha Buddha — Mahaprabha Buddha — Mahabahu Buddha — Sarthavaha Buddha — Sunetra Buddha — Kusuma Buddha — Suvakrantashri Buddha — Indraketudhvajaraja Buddha — Suparikirtitanamashri Buddha — Smrtishri Buddha — Kusuma Buddha — Muni Buddha — Pradyota Buddha — Simha Buddha — Virasena Buddha — Nageshvararaja Buddha — Ratnarcis Buddha — Vajrabhedya Buddha — Shakyamuni Buddha — Milarapa — bion-kha-pa — Dhanashri Buddha — Padmajyotirvikriditabhijna Buddha — Brahmajyotirvikriditabhijna Buddha — Kusumashri Buddha — Brahman Buddha — Shuradatta Buddha — Vimala Buddha — Ratnacandra Buddha — Amoghadarshin Buddha — Ratnacandraprabha Buddha — Ratnagni Buddha — Viranandin Buddha — Ratnapadmavikramin Buddha — Samantavabhasavyuhashri Buddha — Suvikrantagamin Buddha — Yuddhajaya Buddha — Narayana Buddha — Ashokashri Buddha — Prabhasashri Buddha — Anantaujas Buddha — Candanashri Buddha — Bhadrashri Buddha — Varunadeva Buddha — Varuna Buddha — Brahmadatta Buddha

1 B 1-61

Pindolabharadvaja — Panthaka — Nagasena — Gopaka — Abheda — Arthadarshin Buddha — Pradipa Buddha — Prabhuta Buddha — Vaidya Buddha — Ashvajit — Gavampati — Ananda — Rahula — Kalika — Vajriputra — Bhadra — Kanakavatsa — Nakshatraraja Buddha — Jyotishprabha Buddha — Manidharin Buddha — Gunaprabha Buddha — Shariputra — Maudgalyayana — Katyayana — Kashyapa — Dalai Lama — Parvatadhararaja Buddha — Maitreya Buddha — Dipankara Buddha — Ratnasambhava Buddha — Amitabha Buddha — Amoghasiddhi Buddha — Candraketu/Shashiketu Buddha — Abhasarashmi Buddha — Surashmi Buddha — Ashoka Buddha — Bhaishajyagurutathagata Buddha — Sunamatathagata Buddha — Abhasvaratathagata Buddha — Suvarnaratnaprabhatathagata Buddha — Ashokatathagata Buddha — Dharmaghoshatathagata Buddha — Agramatirajatathagata Buddha — Anucarin Buddha — Simhanada Buddha — Angaja — Ajita — Vanavasin — Abhyudgataraja Buddha — Shan-mieh-cheng-ao Fo (Buddha) — Ratnangadyuti (Ratnangavyuhadyuti) Buddha — Shan-mieh-mo-chang Fo (Buddha) — Avaivartikashricakra Buddha — Ratnacchattrodgataprabha (Ratnacchattrodgata) Buddha — Sui-yin-p’u-t’i Fo (Buddha) — Dhyanabhyudgataraja Buddha — Bhinnaklesha Buddha — Kanaka-Bharadhvaja — Bakula — Rahula — Cudapanthaka

CHAPEL 2

2 M 1-9

Guhya-Akshobhyavajra Buddha — Krishnarivajra Buddha (Krishna-Yamari) — Shanmukha-Bhairavavajra (Shanmukha Yamantaka) Buddha — Guhya-Manjushri Buddha — Guhya-Manjuvajra (Guhyasamaja-Manjuvara) Buddha — Guhyasadhanna-Manjushri Bodhisattva — Bhairavavajra Buddha (Vajrabhairava) — Rakta-Bhairavavajra (Rakta-Yamantaka) Buddha — Mahacakra-Vajrapani Buddha

2 A 1-61

Dandadhara Yo-mu (Yamadandi) — Damshtradhara Yo-mu (Yamadamshtri) — Duti Yo-mu (Yamaduti) — Kaladhvaja Yo-mu or Kalaketu Yo-mu (Kalaratri) — Khadgadhara-Bhairavavajra (Khadga-Yamari) — Padmadhara-Bhairavavajra (Padma-Yamari) — Dandadhara-Bhairavavajra (Danda-Yamari) — Ghanttadhara-Bhairavavajra (Mudgara-Yamari) — Tu-yen-chin-kang (Sumbharaja [?]) — Vajroshnishacakravartiraja (Ushnishacakravartin) — Mahabalavajra (Mahabala) — Niladandavajra (Niladanda) — Kamarajavajra (Takkiraja) — Chiang-lin Yo-mu — Sphotadhara (Vagura) Yo-mu — Pashadhara (Pashini) Yo-mu — Ankushadhara (Ankushi) Yo-mu — Vajranila — Vajrodaka — Vajranala — Vajrabhumi — Yamantakavajra — Bodhisattva Samantabhadra — Bodhisattva Sarvanivaranavishkambhin — Bodhisattva Manjushri — Irshya-Bhairavavajra (Irshya Yamari) (image missing) — Raga-Bhairavavajra (image missing) — Matsarya-Bhairavavajra (Ratnesha) — Moha-Bhairavavajra (Vairocana) — Guhyasadhana-Manjushri — Vairocana-Manjuvajra — Guhya-Manjuvajra — Mahacakra-Vajrapani — Humkaravajra — Guhya-Vajrakshobhya (Buddha) — Mahavajradhara — Image missing — Akashagarbha Bodhisattva — Bodhisattva Vajrapani — Bodhisattva Kshitigarbharaja — Amoghasiddhi Buddha — Amitabha Buddha — Ratnasambhava Buddha — Vairocana Buddha — Lohanadi-Vajrapani — Antarasadhana-Manjughosha — Amritabinduvajra — Guhya-Ishvara Avalokiteshvara — Akshobhyavajra — Image missing — Hayagrivavajra — Prajnantakavajra — Maitreya Bodhisattva — Vajrarasa (Fo-mu) — Vajragandha (Fo-mu) — Vajrashabda (Fo-mu) — Vajrarupa (Fo-mu) — Tara (Fo-mu) — Pandaravasini (Fo-mu) — Nairatma (Fo-mu) — Buddhalocana (Fo-mu) (Locana)

2 B 1-61

Vajravetala — Garudayuta-Vajrapani — Krodha-Vajrapani — Amoghatrana-Vajrapani — Hsiao-Vajrapani — Lasya (Fo-mu) — Malya (Mala?) — Gita — Nritya — Vajrankushi — Vajrapashi — Vajrasphoti (Vajrasphota) — Vajraghanta — Vajrasurya (Analarka) — Vajroshnisha — Vajrakundalin — Vajrayaksha — Mi-k’o-pa (Rmig-pa) — Ch’a-sang (Phyva-bsans) — Angaraka (Yamangaraka) — Fa-chiu-ku Yo-chu (Ral-pa-tshar-dgu-can) — Pushpa — Dhupa — Dipa — Gandha — Shabari(pada) — Bhairavavajra — Vairocana-Bhairavavajra (Vairocana-Yamantaka) — Ekavira-Bhairavavajra (Ekavira-Vajrabhairava) — Shanmukha-Bhairavavajra (Yamantaka) — Krishnari-Bhairavavajra (Krishna Yamari) — Pratyalidha-Bhairavavajra (Pratyalidha-Yamantaka) — Ya-wa-ti (Yayati) — Dharmaraja — Ti-la-pa (Tel-pa) — A-wa-niu-t’ou Yo-chu (Glan-mgo-can) — Moha-Bhairavavajra (Moha-Yamari) — Matsarya-Bhairavavajra (Dvesha-Yamari) — Raga-Bhairavavajra (Raga-Yamari) — Irshya-Bhairavavajra (Irshya-Yamari) — Carcika (Fo-mu) (Vajra-Carcika) — Varahi (Fo-mu) (Vajra-Varahi) — La-ka-la-ti Fo-mu [Vajrasarasvati] — Gauri (Fo-mu) — Yamantakavajra (Vajra-Bhairava) (image missing) — Image missing — Image missing — Image missing — Mudgaradhara-Bhairavavajra (Mudgara-Yamari) — Dandadhara-Bhairavavajra (Danda-Yamari) — Padmadhara-Bhairavavajra (Padma-Yamari) — Khadgadhara-Bhairavavajra (Khadga-Yamari) — Neng-sheng-mo-chang-chin-kang — Tejo (?) Vajra — Lieh-sheng-chin-kang (Analarka) — Amritakundalivajra (Vajrakundali) — Vajrankusha — Vajrakala — Mahakalavajra — Bhayadavajra (Vajrabhishana) — Ushnishacakravartin

3 M 1-9

Samvararaja (Buddha) — Yogambara (Buddha) — Buddhakapala (Buddha) — Shastradhara-Hevajra (Buddha) — Sita-Shamvararaja (Buddha) — Kapaladhara-Hevajra — Mahamayavajra (Buddha) — Cakradhararaja (Buddha) — Jinasagara-Avalokiteshvara (Buddha)

3 A 1-61

Lieh-k’o-ta-ch’ia-t’ien — Hariti (Deva) — Dhanus (Deva) — Budha (Deva) — Navami Tithi — Dashami Tithi — Ashtami Tithi — Saptami Tithi — Chiao-wan-shou-yin (Fo-mu) — Sphotadhara (Fo-mu) — Dharmadhatu (Fo-mu) — Padmadhara (Fo-mu) — Padmadakini (Fo-mu) — Yo-chu T’ien — Image missing — Lung-yu T’ien — Makara (Deva) — Shashthi Tithi — Kumbha (Deva) — Shih-i-wo-shih-ma-mu — Agni (Deva) — Vidyuddhara (Fo-mu) — Ulkadhara (Fo-mu) — Dipayugmadhara (Fo-mu) — Suryadhara (Fo-mu) — Suryaprabha (Deva) — Mina (Deva) — Candra (Deva) — Shakra (Deva) — Dipa (Fo-mu) (image missing) — Image missing — Image missing — Pancabuddha-Shamvararaja (Buddha) — Sita-Shamvararaja (Buddha) — Shamvararaja (Buddha) (image missing) — Ghantapada — Ratnadaka — Image missing — Image missing — Dhupa (Fo-mu) — Pukkasi (Fo-mu) — Ghasmari (Fo-mu) — Sita-Vetali (Fo-mu) — Cauri (Fo-mu) — Gauri (Fo-mu) — Garuda-Shamvararaja (Buddha) — Vajradakini — Nritya (Fo-mu) — Naro (Nadi)-dakini (Fo-mu) — Gits (Fo-mu) — Image missing — Image missing — Pushpa (Fo-mu) — Ankushi (Fo-mu) — Jalinidhara (?) (Fo-mu) (Vagura) — Pashi (Fo-mu) (Pashini) — Ch’ih-ch’ien (Fo-mu) (Sandamsha) — Buddhadaka (Buddha) — Dombini (Fo-mu) (Dombin) — Candali (image missing) — Shabari(Fo-mu)

3 B 1-61

Vajraraga (Fo-mu) (Ragavajra) — Vajrashanti (Fo-mu) (Vajrasaumya) — Dakini(Fo-mu) (Vajradakini) — Vajrabhumi (Fo-mu) (Prithivivajra) — Vajrashabda (Fo-mu) (Shabdavajra) — Vishnu (Deva) (Hari) — Kalagni (Deva) — Varuna (Deva) — Ketugraha (Deva) — Sita (Deva) — Ekadasha (Deva) (EkadashiTithi [Deva]) — Dvadasha (Deva) (DvadashiTithi [Deva]) — Brahman (Deva) — Image missing — Ghasmari(Fo-mu) — Pukkasi(Fo-mu) — Shabari(Fo-mu) — Mahakala (Deva) (Maheshvara) — Ling-chui T’ien — Pi-mu-ko-li-ti T’ien — Tula (Deva) — Yaksha (Deva) (Kubera) — Kanya (Deva) — Caturbhuja-Vayu (Deva) — Shan-sha-ou-lieh T’ien — Birbapa (Virupa) — Malya (Fo-mu) (Mala) (image missing) — Image missing — Image missing — Image missing — Buddhakapala (image missing) — Yogambara (Buddha) (image missing) — Li-shih T’ian — Vrishcika (Deva) — Trayodasha (Deva) (Trayodashi-Tithi) — Nandishvara (Deva) (Nandikeshvara) — Image missing — Image missing — Gauri(Fo-mu) (image missing) — Kurukulla (Fo-mu) — Jinasagara-Avalokiteshvara — Pushpa-Garuda — Krishna-Garuda — Ch’ih-kuan (Fo-mu) (Vamsha) — Mamaki(Fo-mu) — Pandaravasini(Fo-mu) (Pandara) — Tara (Fo-mu) (image missing) — Image missing — Vinadhara (Fo-mu) (Vina) — Mukundadhara (Fo-mu) (Mukunda) — Image missing — Vishvadaka (Buddha) — Dvaratalakadhara (Fo-mu) (Talika) — Kuncikadhara (Fo-mu) (Kunci) — Dvaradhara (Fo-mu) (Kapata) — Vitana(?)dhara (Fo-mu) (Patadharini) — Buddhalocana (Fo-mu) (Locana) — Tse-la-pa-la-ka Fo-mu — Candali(Fo-mu) — Vajrabhrikuti(Fo-mu) — Vajraputtali(Fo-mu)